1853 - Franklin Pierce inaugurated as President of the United States.
- The Gadsden Purchase made from Mexico, including Southern
Arizona and New Mexico. Surveys begin for a transcontinental
railroad.
- Dr. Kane sets out on his arctic explorations.
- Russia quarrels with Turkey, claims a protectorate over all
Christians in Turkish dominions; war begun, a Turkish fleet
destroyed at Sinope. England and France interfere.
- Great successes of the Tai-pings in China.
1854 - Passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Bill intensifies the slavery
agitation in the United States; formation of the Republican
party. See "THE RISE OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY."
- France and England declare war against Russia; bombardment of
Bomarsund; the allies land in the Crimea; battles of the Alma,
of Balaklava, of Inkerman, siege of Sebastopol.
- "THE OPENING OF JAPAN."
1855 - "THE CAPTURE OF SEBASTOPOL."
- Russian successes against the Turks in Asia.
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