_It has rained, for the ground is wet_. The adverb clause, introduced by
_for_, does not assign the cause of the raining, but the cause of our
believing that it has rained; it gives the +Evidence+ of what is asserted.
[Footnote: Evidence should be carefully distinguished from Cause. Cause
produces an effect; Evidence produces knowledge of an effect.
Clauses of Evidence are sometimes treated as independent.]
Analysis.
The +adverb clause+ may express +manner+.
1. He died as he lived.
+Explanation+.--He died _in the manner in which_ he lived. For diagram, see
(1), Lesson 63.
2. The upright man speaks as he thinks.
3. As the upright man thinks so he speaks.
(For diagram of _as_ ... _so_, see _when_ ... _then_ (3), Lesson 63.)
4. As is the boy so will be the man.
5. The waves of conversation roll and shape our thoughts as the surf rolls
and shapes the pebbles on the shore.
The +adverb clause+ may express +real cause+.
6. The ground is wet because it has rained.
ground | is \ wet
==========|=============
\The | `
`
` because
`
it | ` has rained
----|---------------
+Explanation+.--_Because_, being a mere conjunction, stands on a line
wholly dotted.
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