+Passing+.--_Doing_ is a participle; like a noun, it follows the
preposition _by_, and, like a verb, it takes an object complement.
2. Portions of the brain may be cut off without producing any pain.
3. The Coliseum was once capable of seating ninety thousand persons.
4. Success generally depends on acting prudently, steadily, and vigorously.
5. You cannot fully sympathize with suffering without having suffered.
(_Suffering_ is here a noun.)
The +participle+ may be the +principal word+ in a phrase used as a
+subject+ or as an +object complement+.
6. Your writing that letter so neatly secured the position.
---, writing | letter
'------------------------
\Your | \neatly \that
| \so
|
/ \ | secured | position
=========|========='===========
| \the
+Explanation+.--The diagram of the subject phrase is drawn above the
subject line. All that rests on the subject line is regarded as the
subject.
+Oral Analysis+.--The phrase _your writing that letter so neatly_ is the
subject; the principal word of it is _writing_, which is completed by
_letter; writing_, as a noun, is modified by _your_, and, as a verb, by the
adverb phrase _so neatly_.
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